| Re: Mystery trumpet with lugnut-like shaped bell I agree it is a serial number. In those days pistons were machined to match individual instruments during manufacture and those numbers ensured that pistons weren't mixed up and put into the wrong horn. The coarse tolerances to which valve assemblies were made didn't allow for uniform enough pistons/cylinders that they could just make a whole slew of parts that would all be interchangeable. It is likely that the pistons were lapped in the cylinders so that the fit would be good, and once done they needed to be used in those same cylinders so they were stamped with the serial number at that point to keep them "connected" in the assembly line.
I am not saying all contemporary instruments were built to those coarse tolerances, but many were.
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